Who is writing?
--Patrick Henry wrote this document on March 23rd, 1775
Give me Liberty of Give me Death
Who is the audience?
--The audience of this document are all the colonists in America, the document is also for "Mr. President".
Who do the writers represent?
--Patrick Henry is representing himself, as well as all the other colonists in America.
What is being said, argued, or requested?
--In this document Patrick Henry talks about how important it is for to win back their liberty from Britain. Henry says, "Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace- but there is no peace. The war has actually begun!". In this statement Henry is saying that there is no more of the colonists trying to be civil and keep their mouths shut, they will stand up for themselves and fight for their liberty and rights.
How is it being said, argued, or requested?
--This document had been the most demanding we have read yet, Henry is very serious and very passionate about this topic. He knows what he wants, and he knows how to get it.
What proof and/or justification is being used to legitimize the request?
--Henry uses experience as a way to justify his request, he states, "I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience". He also talks about how the British government has ignored the all of the colonists petitions and done nothing to compromise with them.
Thursday, October 30, 2008
Synthesize of the quote, video and primary documents
---It has become very common today for people to believe that when the British colonists left Britain they were leaving to become a nation far from what the British were. The fact of the matter really is though, the colonists who left wanted nothing of the such. When they went to America they all still considered themselves British. It was a long time after they left, when they started calling themselves Americans. Although no one has ever said directly, I have come to the impression that the British Government were so upset that their people were migrating else were they had to do something to try to stay in control. See, the British Government still had all the power over the people left in Britain, but what about the ones who were thousands of miles away. Almost everything having to do with governing back then was all about power, everyone wanted to the richest, and most powerful people of the world.
---The resolutions of the Continental Congress was a letter written by colonists who lived in America, and still considered themselves British but had English rights. In the letter they talk about their rights and liberties, they mention several times that they should have the same rights as all the other British subjects do. In the same letter the colonists are also saying that no one, (including the British Parliament) can put taxes on them unless they give consent to do so, or their representative gives consent. In the letter the colonists state, "That the increase, prosperity, and happiness of these colonies, depend on the full and free enjoyment of their rights and liberties, and an intercourse with Great-Britain mutually affectionate and advantageous". The British government is taxing the colonists in America so much, they already can't afford it and then they add more taxes on top of that without any notice or agreement with the colonists. They are basically saying in that statement that the people of the colonies can't be happy, succeed and grow, if the British Government keeps taxing them more and more, but don't treat them any better.
---The circular letter of the Boston Committee was a letter send out from colonists after receiving the copy of an Act of the British Parliament. In this letter they talk about how Great Britain was mistreating Boston, and how Britain was shutting down harbors, so they couldn't do any trade. The colonists in Boston decided that they would sacrifice their own well being and not rely on trade, that way Great Britain couldn't make any profit off of them. The New York committee decided it was of the up most importance to appoint a committee at this time of emergency. They also reassured everyone that they are in full agreement with their liberty and American Freedom. By focusing on the British taxing the colonists unfairly, it overlooks the deeper problem of why the Revolution started. Some say it was the colonists living in America, some say it was the British Government, I believe it was the British Government. The colonists never had any intentions of detaching themselves from Britain. The British Government on the other hand, just keep antagonizing the colonists, making if literally impossible for them to unite as one.
---Something that really stood out for me when I watched a video in History class about the stamp act, was a quote said by a man who was representing the colonists living in America back in in 1700's. He said, "Power to tax is the power to destroy", this statement is very strong and realistic. He is using this as an example of the British Government taxing the colonists, because in the end all they are really doing is destroying the colonists. Another quote that really stood out in this video was "Love your Liberty, and fight for it", which was exactly what the colonists did. They loved and admired Great Britain, and still wanted to be a part of it so bad, but when they started being mistreated they knew better. They didn't back down, which I respect them for, they stood up for themselves and put up a fight.
---All three documents, the quote from J. Adams, and the Video we watched in class all lead to one big event, which was the separation between the colonists who went to America, and the people who stayed in Great Britain. From where I stand the British Government started it all with the stamp act. The Colonists were not happy to hear that they were going to be getting taxed on even more things, and they had no say on it. Even though the colonists living in America were still being protected by the government, it was unfair taxation on the governments part. Which finally lead to the American Revolution, it all could have been avoided if only the government hadn't been so power hungry, and treated the colonists as their own people.
---The resolutions of the Continental Congress was a letter written by colonists who lived in America, and still considered themselves British but had English rights. In the letter they talk about their rights and liberties, they mention several times that they should have the same rights as all the other British subjects do. In the same letter the colonists are also saying that no one, (including the British Parliament) can put taxes on them unless they give consent to do so, or their representative gives consent. In the letter the colonists state, "That the increase, prosperity, and happiness of these colonies, depend on the full and free enjoyment of their rights and liberties, and an intercourse with Great-Britain mutually affectionate and advantageous". The British government is taxing the colonists in America so much, they already can't afford it and then they add more taxes on top of that without any notice or agreement with the colonists. They are basically saying in that statement that the people of the colonies can't be happy, succeed and grow, if the British Government keeps taxing them more and more, but don't treat them any better.
---The circular letter of the Boston Committee was a letter send out from colonists after receiving the copy of an Act of the British Parliament. In this letter they talk about how Great Britain was mistreating Boston, and how Britain was shutting down harbors, so they couldn't do any trade. The colonists in Boston decided that they would sacrifice their own well being and not rely on trade, that way Great Britain couldn't make any profit off of them. The New York committee decided it was of the up most importance to appoint a committee at this time of emergency. They also reassured everyone that they are in full agreement with their liberty and American Freedom. By focusing on the British taxing the colonists unfairly, it overlooks the deeper problem of why the Revolution started. Some say it was the colonists living in America, some say it was the British Government, I believe it was the British Government. The colonists never had any intentions of detaching themselves from Britain. The British Government on the other hand, just keep antagonizing the colonists, making if literally impossible for them to unite as one.
---Something that really stood out for me when I watched a video in History class about the stamp act, was a quote said by a man who was representing the colonists living in America back in in 1700's. He said, "Power to tax is the power to destroy", this statement is very strong and realistic. He is using this as an example of the British Government taxing the colonists, because in the end all they are really doing is destroying the colonists. Another quote that really stood out in this video was "Love your Liberty, and fight for it", which was exactly what the colonists did. They loved and admired Great Britain, and still wanted to be a part of it so bad, but when they started being mistreated they knew better. They didn't back down, which I respect them for, they stood up for themselves and put up a fight.
---All three documents, the quote from J. Adams, and the Video we watched in class all lead to one big event, which was the separation between the colonists who went to America, and the people who stayed in Great Britain. From where I stand the British Government started it all with the stamp act. The Colonists were not happy to hear that they were going to be getting taxed on even more things, and they had no say on it. Even though the colonists living in America were still being protected by the government, it was unfair taxation on the governments part. Which finally lead to the American Revolution, it all could have been avoided if only the government hadn't been so power hungry, and treated the colonists as their own people.
Notes on Primary Documents
The resolutions of the Continental Congress talks about the rights and liberties of the colonists. The colonists are saying that no one can put taxes on them unless they give consent to do so, or their representative gives consent. They are also saying that they have the same rights as the British do. The circular letter of the Boston Committee was a letter send out from colonists after receiving the copy of an Act of the British Parliament. In this letter they talk about how Great Britain was mistreating Boston, how Britain was shutting down harbors, so they cant do any trade. The colonists in Boston decided they will sacrifice their own well being and not rely on trade, that way Great Britain can't get a reaction out of them. The letter from the Now York Committee was a follow up letter to the Boston Committee. The New York committee decided it was of the up most importance to appoint a committee at this time of emergency. They also reassured everyone that they are in full agreement with their liberty and American Freedom.
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Essay #1 Reflection
---When I started writing this first essay I was using my original writing process. As I got more detailed with my paper, I found myself all wrapped up in quotes and templates, I lost site of how I felt about the topic. Learning this different writing technique was a difficult process, but I know it was worth it and I can use this technique on future writing assignments.
---If I could go back and fix a mistake I made in this writing process, I would definitely take more time on choosing my thesis. I felt so rushed to choose a topic I ended up with a thesis that held back a lot of information I found interesting. When I started writing I never realized I could have changed my thesis, looking back on it now I think if I would have known I would have done just that.
---What I learned from this writing process is that when your writing about history you need a lot of resources. Many different historians have different perspectives on historical events and it is important to be open minded and take in all of the different point of views. Then, it is just as important to be able to put down your own words on paper with your own opinion and views of the topic or event.
---If I could go back and fix a mistake I made in this writing process, I would definitely take more time on choosing my thesis. I felt so rushed to choose a topic I ended up with a thesis that held back a lot of information I found interesting. When I started writing I never realized I could have changed my thesis, looking back on it now I think if I would have known I would have done just that.
---What I learned from this writing process is that when your writing about history you need a lot of resources. Many different historians have different perspectives on historical events and it is important to be open minded and take in all of the different point of views. Then, it is just as important to be able to put down your own words on paper with your own opinion and views of the topic or event.
Virginia Resolves on the Stamp Act
Who is writing?
-- Patrick Henry is writing this document
Who is the audience?
-- The audience of this document are the people of England
Who do the writers represent?
-- The writers represent The House of Burgessess of Virginia
What is being said, argued, or requested?
-- The Virginia Resolves was a stamp act which was passed to tax on newspaper, pamphlets, broadsides, and all kinds of legal documents. No one except the General Assembly had any power to levy taxes, and anyone who tried to is than an enemy to English.
How is it being said, argued, or requested?
-- This document is being said very informative. It gives different examples of what the "Virginia Resolves" was referred to as. Inside the document the laws of the Virginia Resolve are also being said informative, in my opinion they are being more enforced then being said.
What proof and/or justification is being used to legitimize the request?
--Henry uses text of Virginia Resolves from Morison, he also talks about different versions that were published widely in newspaper. Other proof being used is who the writer is representing, the house of burgessess.
-- Patrick Henry is writing this document
Who is the audience?
-- The audience of this document are the people of England
Who do the writers represent?
-- The writers represent The House of Burgessess of Virginia
What is being said, argued, or requested?
-- The Virginia Resolves was a stamp act which was passed to tax on newspaper, pamphlets, broadsides, and all kinds of legal documents. No one except the General Assembly had any power to levy taxes, and anyone who tried to is than an enemy to English.
How is it being said, argued, or requested?
-- This document is being said very informative. It gives different examples of what the "Virginia Resolves" was referred to as. Inside the document the laws of the Virginia Resolve are also being said informative, in my opinion they are being more enforced then being said.
What proof and/or justification is being used to legitimize the request?
--Henry uses text of Virginia Resolves from Morison, he also talks about different versions that were published widely in newspaper. Other proof being used is who the writer is representing, the house of burgessess.
Monday, October 27, 2008
Bacon's Rebellion - - Final Copy
-----Even before the American Revolution there was a rebellion that broke out by some very angry colonists against their government, which later got turned to the nearby Indians. “Sometime in April 1676… Bacon had got over the [James] River with his forces and hastening away into the woods, went directly and fell upon the Indians and killed some of them [which] were some of our best friends… the people [would not]understand any distinction of friendly Indians and Indian enemies” (document #13). Bacon's Rebellion was a war brought onto innocent Natives, led by a man named Nathaniel Bacon who was very angry with the way the colony was being run. The government played a very large role in why this rebellion happened. The government was tricking and using not only all the Indians, but as well as their own colonists. When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the people in charge of Virginia during the seventeenth century were the cause of the rebellion. Where this agreement usually comes to a end, however, is on the question of, Did Bacon even care about why he was killing Indians, or if that particular Indian had ever done anything wrong, or did he just want to kill all Indians. Whereas some are convinced that Bacon was a good person and the government was terrible, others still maintain that Bacon was only after gold, land and killing Indians. I see it as, the government was power hungry and just wanted to use, abuse and control everyone around them.
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law by an Act of State that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for them. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes" (Pike). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians poor behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9). In this letter Bacon's wife demonstrates how the Indians were misbehaving and their government didn't take control of the situation and give the Indians any consequences. The way the Virginia government was being run at this time caused a lot of unnecessary hardships for the English colonists.
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p38 Zinn). Zinn is showing an example of just one of the ways the government went against their word and turned their backs on the colonists. The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. In volume one of "A Young Peoples History Zinn states, "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America "The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 US Military History). The government causing all of these hardships for the colonists made them very upset and some colonists rebelled. This made life for the Indians unfair and unbearable.
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. A true narrative of the late rebellion in Virginia, said that the Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Government was also using few chosen Indians as their spies. Many Indians had to live in terror, of loosing their families or their own lives. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. "Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn). The Indians were stuck in the middle of a war caused by the English.
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people. Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners to be on their side. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focusing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. Though I see other ways that Bacon could have reacted, he couldn't stand by and not stick up for himself and the other colonists. The government cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and disputes only so they could better themselves.
Citations:
---Pike, John. "Bacon's Rebellion." 04-27-2005 paragraph 14. 14 Oct 2008.
---US Military History Companion, "Bacon's Rebellion." paragraph 4. 21 Oct 2008.
---Zinn, Howard. "Columbus to the Spanish-American War." A Young People's History of the United States 1
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law by an Act of State that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for them. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes" (Pike). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians poor behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9). In this letter Bacon's wife demonstrates how the Indians were misbehaving and their government didn't take control of the situation and give the Indians any consequences. The way the Virginia government was being run at this time caused a lot of unnecessary hardships for the English colonists.
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p38 Zinn). Zinn is showing an example of just one of the ways the government went against their word and turned their backs on the colonists. The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. In volume one of "A Young Peoples History Zinn states, "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America "The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 US Military History). The government causing all of these hardships for the colonists made them very upset and some colonists rebelled. This made life for the Indians unfair and unbearable.
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. A true narrative of the late rebellion in Virginia, said that the Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Government was also using few chosen Indians as their spies. Many Indians had to live in terror, of loosing their families or their own lives. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. "Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn). The Indians were stuck in the middle of a war caused by the English.
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people. Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners to be on their side. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focusing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. Though I see other ways that Bacon could have reacted, he couldn't stand by and not stick up for himself and the other colonists. The government cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and disputes only so they could better themselves.
Citations:
---Pike, John. "Bacon's Rebellion." 04-27-2005 paragraph 14. 14 Oct 2008
---US Military History Companion, "Bacon's Rebellion." paragraph 4. 21 Oct 2008
---Zinn, Howard. "Columbus to the Spanish-American War." A Young People's History of the United States 1
Tuesday, October 21, 2008
more edits, new citations
-----Bacon's Rebellion was a war brought onto innocent Natives, led by a man named Nathaniel Bacon who was very angry with the way the colony was being run. The government played a very large role in why this rebellion happened. The government was tricking and using not only all the Indians, but as well as their own colonists. When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the people in charge of Virginia during the seventeenth century were the cause of the rebellion. Where this agreement usually comes to a end, however, is on the question of, Did Bacon even care about why he was killing Indians, or if that particular Indian had ever done anything wrong, or did he just want to kill all Indians. Whereas some are convinced that Bacon was a good person and the government was terrible, others still maintain that Bacon was only after gold, land and killing Indians. I see it as, the government was power hungry and just wanted to use, abuse and control everyone around them.
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law by an Act of State that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for them. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes" (Pike). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians poor behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 US Military History).
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. A true narrative of the late rebellion in Virginia, said that the Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Government was also using few chosen Indians as their spies. Many Indians were lived in terror, of loosing their family or their own lives. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. "Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focusing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. Though I see other ways that Bacon could have reacted, he couldn't stand by and not stick up for himself and the other colonists. The government cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and disputes only so they could better themselves.
Citations:
---Pike, John. "Bacon's Rebellion." 04-27-2005 paragraph 14. 14 Oct 2008 .
---US Military History Companion, "Bacon's Rebellion." paragraph 4. 21 Oct 2008 .
---Zinn, Howard. "Columbus to the Spanish-American War." A Young People's History of the United States 1
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law by an Act of State that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for them. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes" (Pike). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians poor behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 US Military History).
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. A true narrative of the late rebellion in Virginia, said that the Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Government was also using few chosen Indians as their spies. Many Indians were lived in terror, of loosing their family or their own lives. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. "Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focusing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. Though I see other ways that Bacon could have reacted, he couldn't stand by and not stick up for himself and the other colonists. The government cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and disputes only so they could better themselves.
Citations:
---Pike, John. "Bacon's Rebellion." 04-27-2005 paragraph 14. 14 Oct 2008 .
---US Military History Companion, "Bacon's Rebellion." paragraph 4. 21 Oct 2008 .
---Zinn, Howard. "Columbus to the Spanish-American War." A Young People's History of the United States 1
Albany Plan of Union
Who is writing?
--Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson wrote the Albany Plan.
Who is the audience?
--The people in the colonies in America; Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina.
Who do the writers represent?
--They are representing the President-General, Grand Council, The House of Representatives, and the people who support the new one general government plan.
What is being said, argued and/or requested?
--An act of parliament where all the said colonies will combine together and have one person rule everyone. But all the colonies can still have their own laws, as long as their follow the new rules as well.
How is it being said, argued and/or requested?
----It is being said very firm. All of the laws are very clear. What you can do and what you can't. How to choose representatives, and how long they can serve.
What proof and or/justification is being used to legitimize the request?
--It is the new law and how the government is going to be run. There isn't really any other way.
--Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson wrote the Albany Plan.
Who is the audience?
--The people in the colonies in America; Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina.
Who do the writers represent?
--They are representing the President-General, Grand Council, The House of Representatives, and the people who support the new one general government plan.
What is being said, argued and/or requested?
--An act of parliament where all the said colonies will combine together and have one person rule everyone. But all the colonies can still have their own laws, as long as their follow the new rules as well.
How is it being said, argued and/or requested?
----It is being said very firm. All of the laws are very clear. What you can do and what you can't. How to choose representatives, and how long they can serve.
What proof and or/justification is being used to legitimize the request?
--It is the new law and how the government is going to be run. There isn't really any other way.
Monday, October 20, 2008
edits, new conclusion
-----Bacon's Rebellion was a war brought onto innocent Natives, led by a man named Nathaniel Bacon who was very angry with the way the colony was being run. The government played a very large role in why this rebellion happened. The government was tricking and using not only all the Indians, but as well as their own colonists. When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the people in charge of Virginia during the seventeenth century were the cause of the rebellion. Where this agreement usually comes to a end, however, is on the question of, Did Bacon even care about why he was killing Indians, or if that particular Indian had ever done anything wrong, or did he just want to kill all Indians. Whereas some are convinced that Bacon was a good person and the government was terrible, others still maintain that Bacon was only after gold, land and killing Indians. I see it as, the government was power hungry and just wanted to use, abuse and control everyone around them.
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for the. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. ("Nathaniel Bacon." 03-17-2003 paragraph 14. 16 Oct 2008 ). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" ("US Military History Companion: Bacon's Rebellion ." paragraph 4. 14 Oct 2008 ).
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. The Government was using Indians as their spies. Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. They cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and dispits only so they could better themselves.
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. Bacon and his followers went to attack the Indians without a permit, when the government found out they were not happy. That caused them to react in a matter by trying to protect the Indians and warned them that Bacon was coming to attack. The government acted as if they were protecting the Indians one second, then the colonists the next. They built forts in the woods and told the colonists it was for their protection. The colonists knew better though, there was really no security for the. To add to their problems, the government then taxed all the people in the colony for the forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. ("Nathaniel Bacon." 03-17-2003 paragraph 14. 16 Oct 2008 ). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" ("US Military History Companion: Bacon's Rebellion ." paragraph 4. 14 Oct 2008 ).
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. The Government was using Indians as their spies. Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----By focing on Bacon and his followers attacks on Indians without a permit it over looks the deeper problem that the leaders during that time were not doing the things they were suppose to. They cared more about land, money, and power then the lives of the people they ruled. They took advantage of their fellow followers as well as Indians they had no rights to control over. The government not taking care of the issues the colonists were dealing with caused the colonists to rebel. When they rebelled they took out their frustrations on the Indians. That caused a lot of agony and suffering to the Indians who had nothing to do with the English problems. They caused all these unnecessary perplexities and dispits only so they could better themselves.
Bacon's Rebellion
-----Bacon's Rebellion was a war brought onto innocent Natives, led by a man named Nathaniel Bacon who was very angry with the colony was being run. The government played a very large role in why this rebellion happened. The government was tricking and using not only all the Indians, but as well as their own colonists. When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the people in charge of Virginia during the seventeenth century were the cause of the rebellion. Where this agreement usually comes to a end, however, is on the question of, Did Bacon even care about why he was killing Indians, or if that particular Indian had ever done anything wrong, or did he just want to kill all Indians. Whereas some are convinced that Bacon was a good person and the government was terrible, others still maintain that Bacon was only after gold, land and killing Indians. I see it as, the government was power hungry and just wanted to use, abuse and control everyone around them.
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians. The government trying to protect them warned the Indians that Bacon was coming for them. They built forts in the woods to "protect" the colonists, but knew there was really no security for them, and then after they built the forts they taxed all the people in the colony for forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. ("Nathaniel Bacon." 03-17-2003 paragraph 14. 16 Oct 2008). The people in command ignored the colonist’s complaints about the Indians behavior, the Indians were killing and robbing people, and the governor still didn't take any notice. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor, and refused to sign a promised commission. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" ("US Military History Companion: Bacon's Rebellion ." paragraph 4. 14 Oct 2008).
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. The Government was using Indians as their spies. Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
-----During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676 the government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them. The government benefited greatly from trade with the Indians. They made a law that no one was allowed to do any kind of trading goods with any of the Indians. But secretly, the governor made special licenses for only a selective few to be allowed to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit. Howard Zinn states in A Young People’s History of the United States, "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39). According to the Virginia settlers their government was protecting the Indians from the colonists, instead of defending the colonists. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians. The government trying to protect them warned the Indians that Bacon was coming for them. They built forts in the woods to "protect" the colonists, but knew there was really no security for them, and then after they built the forts they taxed all the people in the colony for forts that gave them no fortification or security. “Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. ("Nathaniel Bacon." 03-17-2003 paragraph 14. 16 Oct 2008
-----The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion. They had to deal with very little or lack of freedom. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for five to seven years."Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. Then he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn). The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists. There was a huge gap between the rich and poor. The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive. They had unfair taxes that were way too high, and were dealing with unemployment and poverty. Colonists grew tobacco, while the king was making a huge profit. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p39 Zinn). Laws made by the government affected the colonists in a negative way. The government was protecting the Indians. They made restrictions for the colonists dealing with their rights to vote. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
"The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" ("US Military History Companion: Bacon's Rebellion ." paragraph 4. 14 Oct 2008
-----The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government. They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land, and were forced to live on predestined English land. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi). The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom. The Indians were alienated and distrusted. They thought the government was on their side; really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized. The Government was using Indians as their spies. Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn).
-----During the whole rebellion, up until the day Bacon died, he and Governor Berkeley had never ending war between themselves. Some people believe Berkeley was the bad guy, others believe just the opposite. Bacon helped the colonists stand up for themselves during the seventeenth century; he was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members. Bacon had great respect from most if not all the colonists. But unfortunately, he did kill some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley and his people.Berkeley had Bacon arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11). "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14). Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people. He did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks, fled from bacon and his followers during the war. Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners. Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35).
Thursday, October 16, 2008
slavery images and the Equiano accounts
It is unbelievable to me how horribly mistreated the Africans were by the English. So many innocent people died, for absolutely no reason. They crammed hundreds of Africans into ships with the worst stench, and horrible sound. People dying right next to each other. Blacks were beaten for not eating. They were on ships for months. I could never imagine what they went through, I have so much sorrow for those people. The English even went as far as killing each other. It was a horrible time, and I hope nothing this big or drastic ever happens again.
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Hypothesis- How were the people directly involved with Bacon's Rebellion being mistreated by the government?
I. The government mistreated the Indians and the colonists and benefited from both of them.
--A. They benefited from trade with the Indians.
-----1. They made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any Indians, but the governor made special licenses for some people to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
-------a. "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39 Zinn)
--B. They were protecting the Indians from the colonists.
-----1. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians.
-----2. The government warned the Indians Bacon was coming for them.
-----3. They built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security (then taxed the people).
-------a. "Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. (paragraph 14 http://wikipedia.ws/wikipedia/ba/Bacon%27s_Rebellion.html)
--C. The government ignored the colonists complaints about the Indians behavior.
-----1. The colonists complained about the Indians killing people, but governor didn't even take notice
-----2. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations.
-----3. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor.
-----4. The governor refused to sign a promised commission.
-------a. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
II. The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion.
--A. The colonists had to deal with very little or lack of freedom.
-----1. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
-----2. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
-------a. "Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. The he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn)
--B. The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists.
-----1.There was a huge gap between the rich and poor.
-----2.Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty.
-----3.Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit.
-----4.The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive.
-------a. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p.39 Zinn)
--C. Laws made by the government effected the colonists in a negative way.
-----1. The government was protecting the Indians.
-----2. The government made restrictions to vote and lack of protection.
-----3. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness.
-----4. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
-------a. "The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 http://www.answers.com/topic/bacon-s-rebellion)
III. The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government.
--A.They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land.
-----1.The Indians were forced to live on predestined English land.
-----2.They had their land taken away by white frontiersmen.
-------a. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi)
--B. The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom.
-----1. The Indians were alienated and distrusted.
-----2. They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
-----3. New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
-------a. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).
--C. The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence.
-----1.The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants.
-----2. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized
-----3. Government used Indians as their spies.
-------a."Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn)
IV. Berkeley VS. Bacon
--A.Who really made Bacon's rebellion worse?
-----1. Bacon helped the colonists.
-------a.Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
-------b.Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
-------c.Bacon killed some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley's people.
-------d.Bacon charges Berkeley as negligent, wicked and incapable, laws and taxes unjust
-------e.Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians (soon released)
------------i. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11)
------------j. "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14)
-----2. Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people.
-------a.Berkeley did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks.
-------b.Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
-------d.Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners.
-------e.Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
------------i. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35)
--A. They benefited from trade with the Indians.
-----1. They made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any Indians, but the governor made special licenses for some people to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
-------a. "And the whole colony, rich and poor, was being used by England" (p.39 Zinn)
--B. They were protecting the Indians from the colonists.
-----1. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians.
-----2. The government warned the Indians Bacon was coming for them.
-----3. They built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security (then taxed the people).
-------a. "Bacon issued his 'Declaration of the People' on July 30, 1676 which stated that Berkeley was corrupt, played favorites and protected the Indians for his own selfish purposes. (paragraph 14 http://wikipedia.ws/wikipedia/ba/Bacon%27s_Rebellion.html)
--C. The government ignored the colonists complaints about the Indians behavior.
-----1. The colonists complained about the Indians killing people, but governor didn't even take notice
-----2. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations.
-----3. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor.
-----4. The governor refused to sign a promised commission.
-------a. A letter from Elizabeth Bacon to her sister "[T]he Indians killing the people daily, the governor not taking notice of it for to hinder them, but let them daily do all the mischief they can" (document #9).
II. The colonists were very mistreated by the English government during Bacon's rebellion.
--A. The colonists had to deal with very little or lack of freedom.
-----1. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
-----2. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
-------a. "Grantham found four hundred armed whites and blacks- freeman, servants, and slaves. He promised to pardon them and to free the servants and slaves. Instead, he turned his boat's guns on the rebels and took their weapons. The he returned the servants and slaves to their masters" (p.38 Zinn)
--B. The government had really high taxes put onto the colonists.
-----1.There was a huge gap between the rich and poor.
-----2.Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty.
-----3.Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit.
-----4.The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive.
-------a. "Bacon accused the Berkeley government of wrongdoing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p.39 Zinn)
--C. Laws made by the government effected the colonists in a negative way.
-----1. The government was protecting the Indians.
-----2. The government made restrictions to vote and lack of protection.
-----3. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness.
-----4. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
-------a. "The revolt changed little within the colony; gentlemen continued to monopolize the best land, the highest offices, and the most slaves. The Indians suffered the most. Those within the colony lost population and land" (paragraph 4 http://www.answers.com/topic/bacon-s-rebellion)
III. The Indians were the ones who suffered the worst from the English government.
--A.They had to deal with the English intruding onto their land.
-----1.The Indians were forced to live on predestined English land.
-----2.They had their land taken away by white frontiersmen.
-------a. "By the late seventeenth century, many Indian groups in the British colonies had fallen into a subordinate, 'tributary status', living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments" (p.76 Puglisi)
--B. The government took everything away from the Indians including their freedom.
-----1. The Indians were alienated and distrusted.
-----2. They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
-----3. New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
-------a. "The colonial governments agreed among themselves that servants who escaped from one colony to another must be returned" (p.42 Zinn).
--C. The worst of the horrible mistreatment towards the Indians was violence.
-----1.The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants.
-----2. The Indians who had peace treaties were even killed, as well as the Indians were who Christianized
-----3. Government used Indians as their spies.
-------a."Beatings and whippings were common, Servant women were raped" (p42 Zinn)
IV. Berkeley VS. Bacon
--A.Who really made Bacon's rebellion worse?
-----1. Bacon helped the colonists.
-------a.Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
-------b.Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
-------c.Bacon killed some of the Indians who were friends to Berkeley's people.
-------d.Bacon charges Berkeley as negligent, wicked and incapable, laws and taxes unjust
-------e.Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians (soon released)
------------i. "Before he had been three years in the colony, he was, for his extraordinary Qualifications, made one of the council. And in great honor and esteem among the people" (document 11)
------------j. "Mr. Bacon nor any with him had injured any English man in their persons or estates, and that the country was generally well pleased with what they had done, and she believed most of the council also" (document 14)
-----2. Berkeley failed to defend and protect his people.
-------a.Berkeley did not do his part to protect the colonists from native attacks.
-------b.Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
-------d.Bacon and Berkeley fought over loyal servants and small landowners.
-------e.Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
------------i. "Berkeley's arbitrary rule and unjust taxation, his neglect of an an adequate Indian defense; etc. these we humbly confess, were the greatest seducements that provoked most of us at first to take up arms but only against the... barbarous enemies the Indians" (document 35)
Tuesday, October 14, 2008
my hypothesis/thesis
Thesis: The government mistreated all of the people directly involved with Bacon's Rebellion.
I. Government
---A. Benefit from trade
-----1. The made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any Indians, but the governor made special licenses for some people to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
---B. Protecting the Indians
-----1. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians.
-----2. The government warned the Indians Bacon was coming for them.
-----3. They built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security. (then taxed the people)
---C. The government ignored the colonists complaints about the Indians behavior.
-----1. The colonists complained about the Indians killing people, but governor didn't even take notice
-----2. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations.
-----3. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor.
-----4. The governor refused to sign a promised commission.
II. Colonists
---A. Freedom
-----1. The whole colony rich and poor were being used by the government.
-----2. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
-----3. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
---B. Taxes
-----1.There was a huge gap between the rich and poor.
-----2.Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty.
-----3.Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit.
-----4.The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive.
---C. Laws
-----1. The government was protecting the Indians.
-----2. The government made restrictions to vote and lack of protection.
-----3. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness.
-----4. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
3. Indians
---A.Land
-----1.The Indians were forced to live on predestined English land.
-----2.They had their land taken away by white frontiersmen.
---B. Freedom
-----1.Indians were alienated and distrusted
-----2.They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
-----3.New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
-----4.Thomas Grantham promised to free the slaves, instead took their weapons and returned them to their masters (when they were trying to defend themselves).
-- Government used Indians as their spies.
---C. Violence
-----1.The Indians were forced to be slaves.
-----2.Even the Indians who had peace treaties were killed.
-----3. Even the Indians who had been Christianized were killed.
4. Berkeley VS. Bacon
---A.Who really made Bacon's rebellion worse?
------1. Bacon helped the colonists.
------a.Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
------b.Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
------c.Bacon killed Indian friends.
------d.Bacon charges Berkeley as negligent, wicked and incapable, laws and taxes unjust
------e.Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians (soon released)
-----2. Berkeley Used the Indians for trade
------a.Berkeley failed to defend colonists from native attacks
------b.Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
------c.Bacon triggered the civil war by demanding a military commission that would authorize him to attack the Indians
------d.They fought over loyal servants and small landowners
------e.Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
I. Government
---A. Benefit from trade
-----1. The made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any Indians, but the governor made special licenses for some people to trade with the Indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
---B. Protecting the Indians
-----1. The government sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the Indians.
-----2. The government warned the Indians Bacon was coming for them.
-----3. They built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security. (then taxed the people)
---C. The government ignored the colonists complaints about the Indians behavior.
-----1. The colonists complained about the Indians killing people, but governor didn't even take notice
-----2. The governor didn't believe the colonist's accusations.
-----3. Berkeley publicly named Bacon a traitor.
-----4. The governor refused to sign a promised commission.
II. Colonists
---A. Freedom
-----1. The whole colony rich and poor were being used by the government.
-----2. Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
-----3. Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
---B. Taxes
-----1.There was a huge gap between the rich and poor.
-----2.Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty.
-----3.Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit.
-----4.The rich built mansions, while the poor struggled to survive.
---C. Laws
-----1. The government was protecting the Indians.
-----2. The government made restrictions to vote and lack of protection.
-----3. Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness.
-----4. New laws passed to punish poor, imprison them and send them to America.
3. Indians
---A.Land
-----1.The Indians were forced to live on predestined English land.
-----2.They had their land taken away by white frontiersmen.
---B. Freedom
-----1.Indians were alienated and distrusted
-----2.They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
-----3.New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
-----4.Thomas Grantham promised to free the slaves, instead took their weapons and returned them to their masters (when they were trying to defend themselves).
-- Government used Indians as their spies.
---C. Violence
-----1.The Indians were forced to be slaves.
-----2.Even the Indians who had peace treaties were killed.
-----3. Even the Indians who had been Christianized were killed.
4. Berkeley VS. Bacon
---A.Who really made Bacon's rebellion worse?
------1. Bacon helped the colonists.
------a.Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
------b.Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
------c.Bacon killed Indian friends.
------d.Bacon charges Berkeley as negligent, wicked and incapable, laws and taxes unjust
------e.Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the Indians (soon released)
-----2. Berkeley Used the Indians for trade
------a.Berkeley failed to defend colonists from native attacks
------b.Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
------c.Bacon triggered the civil war by demanding a military commission that would authorize him to attack the Indians
------d.They fought over loyal servants and small landowners
------e.Berkeley hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
Monday, October 13, 2008
outline for bacon's rebellion
How were the people directly involved with Bacon's Rebellion being mistreated by the government?
people directly involved;
government,colonists, indians, bacon and berkeley
1. Government
A. Benefit from trade
--They made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any indians, but the governor made special licences for some people to trade with the indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
B. Protecting the indians
--They sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the indians.
--They warned the indians Bacon was coming for them.
--Built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security. (then taxed the people)
C. Ignored the colonists complants
--Colonists complaned about the indians killing people, governor didnt even take notice
--Didnt believe the colonist's accusations.
--Publicly named Bacon a traitor.
--Refused to sign a promissed comission
2.Colonists
A. Freedom
--The whole colony rich and poor were being used by the government.
--Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
--Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
B. Taxes
--There was a huge gap between the rich and poor
--Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty
--Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit
--The rich built mansons, while the poor struggled to survive.
C. Laws
--Government was protecting the indians.
--They had retrictions to vote and lack of protection
--Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness
--New laws passed to punish poor, imprision them and send them to America
3. Indians
A.Land
--They were forced to live on predestined english land
--They had their land taken away by white fronteirsmen
B. Freedom
--Indians were alienated and distrusted
--They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
--New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
--Thomas Grantham promised to free the slaves, instead took their weapons and returned them to their masters (when they were trying to defend themselves).
-- Government used indians as their spies.
C. Violence
-- Indians were forced to be slaves
-- Even the indians who had peace treaties were killed
-- Even the indians who had been christianized were killed
4. Berkeley VS. Bacon
--Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
--Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
--Bacon killed indian friends.
--Bacon charges Berkeley as neglegent, wicked and incapible, laws and taxes unjust
--Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the indians (soon released)
--They fought over loyal servants and small landowners
--Berkeley failed to defend colonists from native attacks
--Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
--Bacon triggered the civil war by demanding a military commission that would authorize him to attack the Indians
--Berkely hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
people directly involved;
government,colonists, indians, bacon and berkeley
1. Government
A. Benefit from trade
--They made a law that no one was allowed to trade with any indians, but the governor made special licences for some people to trade with the indians as long as he gets a part of the profit.
B. Protecting the indians
--They sent back an Army of English when they went to fight the indians.
--They warned the indians Bacon was coming for them.
--Built forts in the woods to "protect" colonists, but knew there was really no security. (then taxed the people)
C. Ignored the colonists complants
--Colonists complaned about the indians killing people, governor didnt even take notice
--Didnt believe the colonist's accusations.
--Publicly named Bacon a traitor.
--Refused to sign a promissed comission
2.Colonists
A. Freedom
--The whole colony rich and poor were being used by the government.
--Indentured servants were bought and sold like slaves.
--Poor people signed an agreement to be slaves for 5-7 years.
B. Taxes
--There was a huge gap between the rich and poor
--Unfair taxes (way to high), unemployment and poverty
--Colonists grew tobacco and the king made a huge profit
--The rich built mansons, while the poor struggled to survive.
C. Laws
--Government was protecting the indians.
--They had retrictions to vote and lack of protection
--Changes in land laws caused farmers to homelessness
--New laws passed to punish poor, imprision them and send them to America
3. Indians
A.Land
--They were forced to live on predestined english land
--They had their land taken away by white fronteirsmen
B. Freedom
--Indians were alienated and distrusted
--They thought the government was on their side, really they were only using them to take advantage of the trade.
--New Virgina laws made slavery lifelong and inherited by one's children.
--Thomas Grantham promised to free the slaves, instead took their weapons and returned them to their masters (when they were trying to defend themselves).
-- Government used indians as their spies.
C. Violence
-- Indians were forced to be slaves
-- Even the indians who had peace treaties were killed
-- Even the indians who had been christianized were killed
4. Berkeley VS. Bacon
--Bacon was only in the colony for three years and was made one of the council members.
--Bacon had great respect from the colonists.
--Bacon killed indian friends.
--Bacon charges Berkeley as neglegent, wicked and incapible, laws and taxes unjust
--Bacon was arrested for disobeying the government and leading an illegal war against the indians (soon released)
--They fought over loyal servants and small landowners
--Berkeley failed to defend colonists from native attacks
--Berkeley fled from bacon and his followers, twice.
--Bacon triggered the civil war by demanding a military commission that would authorize him to attack the Indians
--Berkely hung two dozen men and took their estates who were Bacon's followers.
Bacon's Rebellion - - hypothesis
How were the people directly involved in Bacon's Rebellion being mistreated by the government?
Thursday, October 9, 2008
JSTOR research
Title: Motive for Murder: A Servant's Life in Virginia, 1678
Author(s): T. H. Breen; James H. Lewis; Keith Schlesinger
Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Jan., 1983), pp. 106-120
Publisher(s): Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1919530
Title: Bacon's Rebellion
Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Jul., 1900), pp. 1-10
Publisher(s): Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1914836
Title: The Indians' Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of Europeans
Author(s): Neal Salisbury
Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 53, No. 3, Indians and Others in Early America (Jul., 1996), pp. 435-458
Publisher(s): Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2947200
I loved hearing that right on the website they give you the citations for the information and they give you a chance to send it to your email right there. I typed in bacon's rebellion and indentured servants and my first results came up with, "A Motive for Murder: A Servant's life in Virgina", I got really excited at first because it sounded perfect, but when I got to reading it I don't think it had anything to do with Bacon's Rebellion. I looked at a few more of those results and didn't have much luck. So I searched under Bacon's Rebellion and Indians; and I found some good information about the actual physical fight between the Indians and Bacon, which I haven't read much of yet. Then I got to thinking that I havn't read anything from the indians view; So i looked up bacon's rebellion AND indians view, this search gave me alot of opions. One that stood out talked about what the natives were doing before the english colonist came to take over, and what it was like for the natives when they did.
John Winthrop's Arbella Serman 1630
Quote one:
--Love is the bond of perfection, Christ and his church make one body. If Christ and his church work together and make one body it is perfection bonded with love.
--Most of Winthrop's audience is religious and familiar with the bible; Christ is the spiritual body
--All of these different people from different backgrounds come together with love to work together to make gods church one.
Quote two:
--They wanted "New England" to be the same as England (because they liked the way some things were run, and they were still English) but they wanted it to be better. They wanted a new and reformed version of England. They wanted a new land similar to England but with change, and all the good and pure things England used.
Quote three:
-- God gave them the opportunity of new land, and gave them the change to colonize, so in return they have to step up to their responsibility and fulfill gods plan to make a new and pure colonization.
Quote Four:
-- When our colony succeeds and everyone sees it, they too will want the opportunity to succeed and be part of or make a new godly colony.
-- I think that "City Upon a Hill", stands for something or someone who stands out, who shines! But, who has pressure to remain pure and succeed.
--Love is the bond of perfection, Christ and his church make one body. If Christ and his church work together and make one body it is perfection bonded with love.
--Most of Winthrop's audience is religious and familiar with the bible; Christ is the spiritual body
--All of these different people from different backgrounds come together with love to work together to make gods church one.
Quote two:
--They wanted "New England" to be the same as England (because they liked the way some things were run, and they were still English) but they wanted it to be better. They wanted a new and reformed version of England. They wanted a new land similar to England but with change, and all the good and pure things England used.
Quote three:
-- God gave them the opportunity of new land, and gave them the change to colonize, so in return they have to step up to their responsibility and fulfill gods plan to make a new and pure colonization.
Quote Four:
-- When our colony succeeds and everyone sees it, they too will want the opportunity to succeed and be part of or make a new godly colony.
-- I think that "City Upon a Hill", stands for something or someone who stands out, who shines! But, who has pressure to remain pure and succeed.
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
redo- They Say: Bacons Rebellion
When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the Natives were very mistreated by the English colonists. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of, who was the rebellion ultimately suppose to effect? Where as some are convinced that the rebellion was towards Berkley, his supporters, and the colonist's council. Others maintain that the rebellion was against the Natives. Howard Zinn and Rebecca Stefoff stated that, Bacon's Rebellion was a war with the poor white colonists against both the Indians as well as the colonist's own leaders (p35). "Bacon accused Berkely and the government of wrong doing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p38). That caused a lot of the lower class white colonists to get very upset with the council, and they end up taking out their anger on the Indians. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants, where beating were and mistreatment was normal and the native women were rapped by the english colonists. Even the Indians who had peace treaties with the colonists were betrayed. As time went on the rich got even richer, and the slaves were getting more and more mistreated. "People of the upper class had their portraits painted and traveled in coaches or in chairs carried by servants or slaves. Meanwhile, the poor struggled to stay alive, to keep from freezing in cold weather. According to Michael J. Puglisi, "When the war broke out, some military leaders suggested fortifying the Praying Towns as a wall of defense for the colony"(p79). This is evidence that the colonist were using the Indians and betraying their peace. The Indians never did anything wrong or harmful to the English colonist, there was no reason for the horrible treatment that they received. Summarizing these documents I read, they all explain the rebellion and how the English government was being unfair, and taking advantage of the colonists. Then causing the colonists to get very angry and take out their frustrations on the Indians. In other words, how Puglisi would say it, "The natives faces situations beyond their control, experiencing abuses and even violent attack from their suppsed white allies, and suffered humiliating treatment by the colonial government to whom they pleged their allegiance"(p83).
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
They say: Bacon's Rebellion
When it comes to the topic of Bacon's Rebellion, most of us will readily agree that the Natives were very mistreated by the English colonists. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of, who was the rebellion ultimately suppose to effect? Where as some are convinced that the rebellion was towards Berkley, his supporters, and the colonist's council. Others maintain that the rebellion was against the Natives. Howard Zinn and Rebecca Stefoff stated that, Bacon's Rebellion was a war with the poor white colonists agasint both the indians as well as the colonist's own leaders (p35). "Bacon accused Berkely and the government of wrong doing, including unfair taxes and not protecting the western farmers from the Indians" (p38). That caused alot of the poor white colonist to get very upset with the council, and they end up taking out their anger on the Indians. The Indians were forced to be slaves and servants, where beating were normal and the women were raped. Even the Indians who had peace treaties with the colonists were betrayed. As time went on the rich got even richer, and the slaves were getting more and more mistreated. According to Michael J. Puglisi, "When the war broke out, some military leaders suggested fortifying the Praying Towns as a wall of defence for the colony"(p79). This is evidence that the colonist were using the indians and betraying their peace. The Indians never did anything wrong or harmful to the english colonist, there was no reason for the horrible treatment that they recieved. Summerizing these documents I read, they all explain the rebellion and how the english government was being unfair, and taking advantage of the colonists. Then causing the colonist to get very angry and take out their frustrations on the Indians.
National College Fair
A public college--
University of Washington- It is close, which is convenient and they do accept our credits from PSEC credit wise but we would be freshmen living wise.
A private college--
Whitworth College- They have international classes, where you can travel and take classes in another country.
A rural college--
Central Washington University- It is a big college with a lot of opportunity but is still not as expansive as a traditional large university.
A traditional large university--
Oregon State University- You only need a 3.0 to get in, so it is much easier.
A small alternative college--
Evergreen State College- You can create your own course of study, choose your own classes and put them together anyway you would like.
Colleges best known for psychology--
University of Nevada, Reno- If you score high on your SAT and ACT tests you automatically get money reduced from your tuition
University of Pittsburgh- Their teacher to student ratio is 1:16, making it a lot easier to get your questions answered and your voice heard.
Workshop--
She talked about choosing your college and applying to colleges.
*apply to six-ten colleges
*if you need financial aid you should apply to a couple extra schools
*make sure you know when the deadlines are, and make them
*examples of applications, commonapp.org
*make sure you meet all requirements and tests.
I found it very useful to be able to explain in person what school I go to and to find our if I can put my credits towards their school. I still have no idea what college I want to go to. Now that I know that a lot of colleges don't accept our credits from running start I think it will be a little easier when I finally decide what college is best for me.
University of Washington- It is close, which is convenient and they do accept our credits from PSEC credit wise but we would be freshmen living wise.
A private college--
Whitworth College- They have international classes, where you can travel and take classes in another country.
A rural college--
Central Washington University- It is a big college with a lot of opportunity but is still not as expansive as a traditional large university.
A traditional large university--
Oregon State University- You only need a 3.0 to get in, so it is much easier.
A small alternative college--
Evergreen State College- You can create your own course of study, choose your own classes and put them together anyway you would like.
Colleges best known for psychology--
University of Nevada, Reno- If you score high on your SAT and ACT tests you automatically get money reduced from your tuition
University of Pittsburgh- Their teacher to student ratio is 1:16, making it a lot easier to get your questions answered and your voice heard.
Workshop--
She talked about choosing your college and applying to colleges.
*apply to six-ten colleges
*if you need financial aid you should apply to a couple extra schools
*make sure you know when the deadlines are, and make them
*examples of applications, commonapp.org
*make sure you meet all requirements and tests.
I found it very useful to be able to explain in person what school I go to and to find our if I can put my credits towards their school. I still have no idea what college I want to go to. Now that I know that a lot of colleges don't accept our credits from running start I think it will be a little easier when I finally decide what college is best for me.
Mayflower Compact 1620
--Who is writing?
The people writing are all of the witnesses; all of the people who signed.
--Who is the audience?
The audience is everyone is Great Britian, France, Ireland, basicially everyone everywhere.
--Who do the writers represent?
The writers represent themselves.
--What is being said, argued or requested?
They are making a agreement on how they are going to go to America to start the first colony.
--How is it being said, argued or requested?
It is being said with hope, very direct and to the point.
--What proof and/or justification is being used to legitimize the request?
They had witnesses who signed and made an agreement on it
The people writing are all of the witnesses; all of the people who signed.
--Who is the audience?
The audience is everyone is Great Britian, France, Ireland, basicially everyone everywhere.
--Who do the writers represent?
The writers represent themselves.
--What is being said, argued or requested?
They are making a agreement on how they are going to go to America to start the first colony.
--How is it being said, argued or requested?
It is being said with hope, very direct and to the point.
--What proof and/or justification is being used to legitimize the request?
They had witnesses who signed and made an agreement on it
Thursday, October 2, 2008
Political Economy of the body
Third Quote:
I think this last part is saying that even in the worst area of the political field the man being condemmened, for example a slave or servant is still somewhat on the same level as the king power wise.
I think this last part is saying that even in the worst area of the political field the man being condemmened, for example a slave or servant is still somewhat on the same level as the king power wise.
Wednesday, October 1, 2008
Political Economy of the body
First Quote:
Michel Foucault talks about how the physical body is involved with politics and power. I see it as, "the body", a person of lower class is having someone else of more power force them to perform tasks. The person of higher power tortures "the body", over works it, uses and abuses it.
Second Quote:
He also talks about how basically if someone is forced to do something, 'the body' becomes very useful and productive. For the powerful people the more people you are in charge of and force to do things the more power they have.
Michel Foucault talks about how the physical body is involved with politics and power. I see it as, "the body", a person of lower class is having someone else of more power force them to perform tasks. The person of higher power tortures "the body", over works it, uses and abuses it.
Second Quote:
He also talks about how basically if someone is forced to do something, 'the body' becomes very useful and productive. For the powerful people the more people you are in charge of and force to do things the more power they have.
American Tobacco and European Consumers
In this reading, "American Tobacco and European Consumers" the author emphasizes about how tobacco altered European culture. First he says how it made a big impact on Europe economically. Tobacco was the most consumed product in the seventeenth century. It wasn't cheap and a lot of people smoked a lot of the product, making a lot of money for tobacco farmers and sellers. Then he makes the point that tobacco begun a lot of new industries. For example, by 1700 England imported nearly 40 million pounds of tobacco to Chesapeake which makes a lot of work for people. Then you also have to take into consideration products to smoke out of, pipes, pipe cleaners, and tins to hold their tobacco. He also shows that tobacco formed new social life, and habits. Tobacco smokers got together and created clubs to smoke tobacco and some clubs enjoyed the intoxicating weed. People smoked in taverns, at the dinner table, in bed it was an everyday thing. The Europeans were hooked to tobacco very quickly and it changed their society drastically.
Revised- First Charter of Virginia
Author: The people writing this document are all the kings, leaders, knights and other people in charge in England.
Audience: The audience is the colonies, all the people of England, and all the people who are interested in the polices.
Tone: Serious, official, professional and controlling.
Purpose: The purpose of the charter is to explain to all the people the rules, laws, expectations and boundaries for each colony in Virginia.
Persuasion
Ethos- The emotions include safety and empowering. Safety because whoever is in the colony in then protected, as well as their children; Empowering, because they are forming a new government system to be in charge and have power.
Pathos- The people who are writing this document are creating the council and rules, which make them knowledgeable of the text.
Logos-This document is logical because there is a set plan for how the colonies are going to be ran. They also have a clear plan on forming a new government for the colonies so the people know the laws and rules they must following when joining the colony.
Audience: The audience is the colonies, all the people of England, and all the people who are interested in the polices.
Tone: Serious, official, professional and controlling.
Purpose: The purpose of the charter is to explain to all the people the rules, laws, expectations and boundaries for each colony in Virginia.
Persuasion
Ethos- The emotions include safety and empowering. Safety because whoever is in the colony in then protected, as well as their children; Empowering, because they are forming a new government system to be in charge and have power.
Pathos- The people who are writing this document are creating the council and rules, which make them knowledgeable of the text.
Logos-This document is logical because there is a set plan for how the colonies are going to be ran. They also have a clear plan on forming a new government for the colonies so the people know the laws and rules they must following when joining the colony.
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